Consideraciones para el diseño e implementación de las intervenciones para la cesación de consumo de tabaco, alcohol y cannabis en el embarazo. Un estudio cualitativo

Abstract

[EN]To explore the opinion of different key stakeholders regarding the requirements that tobacco, alcohol and/or cannabis cessation interventions should meet to be implemented and to be acceptable and useful during pregnancy. A qualitative study with phenomenological approach. SITE: The study was conducted in Spain in 2022. Decision makers, health professionals, pregnant women using tobacco, alcohol and/or cannabis and their partners who are also users. Data were collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews, until discourse saturation was reached and accurately transcribed. Exploratory analysis and inductive open coding were conducted, codes were merged into categories and subcategories were identified. Four categories and 18 subcategories were identified. The results suggest that interventions should be multicomponent. Among the interventions most accepted by pregnant women and their partners were specific cessation consultations, information, peer support (although they did not specify how) and financial incentives. Among other options to consider, co-oximetry, proposed by managers to obtain an objective register. The conclusion is that this intervention should be carried out at the level of prenatal care in primary care. There are doubts regarding the frequency, purpose, and follow-up of this multicomponent intervention, as well as the possibility of incorporating couples.

[ES] Objetivo: Explorar la opinión de distintos actores clave, en relación con los requisitos que deberían cumplir las intervenciones de cesación de consumo de tabaco, alcohol y/o cannabis durante el embarazo para que puedan ser implementadas y resulten aceptables y útiles. Diseno: ˜ Estudio cualitativo con aproximación fenomenológica. Sitio: Se realizó en Espana˜ en 2022. Participantes: Gestores, profesionales sanitarios, embarazadas consumidoras de tabaco, alcohol y/o cannabis y sus parejas también consumidoras. Métodos: Los datos se recogieron mediante grupos focales y entrevistas en profundidad, hasta alcanzar la saturación del discurso y se transcribieron de manera exacta. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio y codificación abierta inductiva, se fusionaron los códigos en categorías y se identificaron subcategorías.